MySQL 8.4 版本說明
如前一節所示,擷取整個表格很容易。只需從 SELECT
陳述式中省略 WHERE
子句即可。但通常您不希望看到整個表格,尤其是在表格變大時。相反地,您通常更感興趣的是回答特定的問題,在這種情況下,您可以針對您想要的資訊指定一些限制條件。讓我們從回答有關您的寵物的問題的角度來看一些選擇查詢。
您可以從您的表格中僅選擇特定的列。例如,如果您想要驗證您對 Bowser 出生日期所做的變更,請像這樣選擇 Bowser 的記錄
mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE name = 'Bowser';
+--------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+--------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| Bowser | Diane | dog | m | 1989-08-31 | 1995-07-29 |
+--------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+
輸出確認年份已正確記錄為 1989 年,而不是 1979 年。
字串比較通常不區分大小寫,因此您可以將名稱指定為 'bowser'
、'BOWSER'
等等。查詢結果相同。
您可以針對任何欄位指定條件,而不僅僅是 name
。例如,如果您想知道哪些動物是在 1998 年或之後出生的,請測試 birth
欄位
mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE birth >= '1998-1-1';
+----------+-------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+----------+-------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| Chirpy | Gwen | bird | f | 1998-09-11 | NULL |
| Puffball | Diane | hamster | f | 1999-03-30 | NULL |
+----------+-------+---------+------+------------+-------+
您可以結合條件,例如,尋找雌性犬
mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE species = 'dog' AND sex = 'f';
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| Buffy | Harold | dog | f | 1989-05-13 | NULL |
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+
mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE species = 'snake' OR species = 'bird';
+----------+-------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+----------+-------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| Chirpy | Gwen | bird | f | 1998-09-11 | NULL |
| Whistler | Gwen | bird | NULL | 1997-12-09 | NULL |
| Slim | Benny | snake | m | 1996-04-29 | NULL |
+----------+-------+---------+------+------------+-------+
AND
和 OR
可以混合使用,雖然 AND
的優先順序高於 OR
。如果您同時使用這兩個運算子,最好使用括號明確指出條件應如何分組
mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE (species = 'cat' AND sex = 'm')
OR (species = 'dog' AND sex = 'f');
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| Claws | Gwen | cat | m | 1994-03-17 | NULL |
| Buffy | Harold | dog | f | 1989-05-13 | NULL |
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+