本節介紹 C API 中對使用 CALL 語句執行的預存程序的預處理語句支援。

可以使用下列方式使用透過預處理 CALL 語句執行的預存程序

以下討論示範如何透過 C API 將這些功能用於預處理語句。若要透過 PREPARE 和 EXECUTE 語句使用預處理 CALL 語句，請參閱CALL 語句。

執行預處理 CALL 語句的應用程式應使用迴圈，該迴圈會擷取結果，然後叫用 mysql_stmt_next_result() 以判斷是否有更多結果。結果包含預存程序產生的任何結果集，然後是一個最終狀態值，指示程序是否成功終止。

如果程序具有 OUT 或 INOUT 參數，則最終狀態值之前的結果集包含其值。若要判斷結果集是否包含參數值，請測試是否在 MYSQL 連線處理器的 server_status 成員中設定了 SERVER_PS_OUT_PARAMS 位元

mysql->server_status & SERVER_PS_OUT_PARAMS

以下範例使用預處理 CALL 語句來執行預存程序，該程序會產生多個結果集，並透過 OUT 和 INOUT 參數將參數值傳回給呼叫者。該程序採用所有三種類型 (IN、OUT、INOUT) 的參數，顯示其初始值、指派新值、顯示更新值並傳回。因此，預期的程序傳回資訊包含多個結果集和最終狀態

執行程序的程式碼

MYSQL_STMT *stmt;
MYSQL_BIND ps_params[3];  /* input parameter buffers */
int        int_data[3];   /* input/output values */
bool       is_null[3];    /* output value nullability */
int        status;

/* set up stored procedure */
status = mysql_query(mysql, "DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS p1");
test_error(mysql, status);

status = mysql_query(mysql,
  "CREATE PROCEDURE p1("
  "  IN p_in INT, "
  "  OUT p_out INT, "
  "  INOUT p_inout INT) "
  "BEGIN "
  "  SELECT p_in, p_out, p_inout; "
  "  SET p_in = 100, p_out = 200, p_inout = 300; "
  "  SELECT p_in, p_out, p_inout; "
  "END");
test_error(mysql, status);

/* initialize and prepare CALL statement with parameter placeholders */
stmt = mysql_stmt_init(mysql);
if (!stmt)
{
  printf("Could not initialize statement\n");
  exit(1);
}
status = mysql_stmt_prepare(stmt, "CALL p1(?, ?, ?)", 16);
test_stmt_error(stmt, status);

/* initialize parameters: p_in, p_out, p_inout (all INT) */
memset(ps_params, 0, sizeof (ps_params));

ps_params[0].buffer_type = MYSQL_TYPE_LONG;
ps_params[0].buffer = (char *) &int_data[0];
ps_params[0].length = 0;
ps_params[0].is_null = 0;

ps_params[1].buffer_type = MYSQL_TYPE_LONG;
ps_params[1].buffer = (char *) &int_data[1];
ps_params[1].length = 0;
ps_params[1].is_null = 0;

ps_params[2].buffer_type = MYSQL_TYPE_LONG;
ps_params[2].buffer = (char *) &int_data[2];
ps_params[2].length = 0;
ps_params[2].is_null = 0;

/* bind parameters */
status = mysql_stmt_bind_param(stmt, ps_params);
test_stmt_error(stmt, status);

/* assign values to parameters and execute statement */
int_data[0]= 10;  /* p_in */
int_data[1]= 20;  /* p_out */
int_data[2]= 30;  /* p_inout */

status = mysql_stmt_execute(stmt);
test_stmt_error(stmt, status);

/* process results until there are no more */
do {
  int i;
  int num_fields;       /* number of columns in result */
  MYSQL_FIELD *fields;  /* for result set metadata */
  MYSQL_BIND *rs_bind;  /* for output buffers */

  /* the column count is > 0 if there is a result set */
  /* 0 if the result is only the final status packet */
  num_fields = mysql_stmt_field_count(stmt);

  if (num_fields > 0)
  {
    /* there is a result set to fetch */
    printf("Number of columns in result: %d\n", (int) num_fields);

    /* what kind of result set is this? */
    printf("Data: ");
    if(mysql->server_status & SERVER_PS_OUT_PARAMS)
      printf("this result set contains OUT/INOUT parameters\n");
    else
      printf("this result set is produced by the procedure\n");

    MYSQL_RES *rs_metadata = mysql_stmt_result_metadata(stmt);
    test_stmt_error(stmt, rs_metadata == NULL);

    fields = mysql_fetch_fields(rs_metadata);

    rs_bind = (MYSQL_BIND *) malloc(sizeof (MYSQL_BIND) * num_fields);
    if (!rs_bind)
    {
      printf("Cannot allocate output buffers\n");
      exit(1);
    }
    memset(rs_bind, 0, sizeof (MYSQL_BIND) * num_fields);

    /* set up and bind result set output buffers */
    for (i = 0; i < num_fields; ++i)
    {
      rs_bind[i].buffer_type = fields[i].type;
      rs_bind[i].is_null = &is_null[i];

      switch (fields[i].type)
      {
        case MYSQL_TYPE_LONG:
          rs_bind[i].buffer = (char *) &(int_data[i]);
          rs_bind[i].buffer_length = sizeof (int_data);
          break;

        default:
          fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: unexpected type: %d.\n", fields[i].type);
          exit(1);
      }
    }

    status = mysql_stmt_bind_result(stmt, rs_bind);
    test_stmt_error(stmt, status);

    /* fetch and display result set rows */
    while (1)
    {
      status = mysql_stmt_fetch(stmt);

      if (status == 1 || status == MYSQL_NO_DATA)
        break;

      for (i = 0; i < num_fields; ++i)
      {
        switch (rs_bind[i].buffer_type)
        {
          case MYSQL_TYPE_LONG:
            if (*rs_bind[i].is_null)
              printf(" val[%d] = NULL;", i);
            else
              printf(" val[%d] = %ld;",
                     i, (long) *((int *) rs_bind[i].buffer));
            break;

          default:
            printf("  unexpected type (%d)\n",
              rs_bind[i].buffer_type);
        }
      }
      printf("\n");
    }

    mysql_free_result(rs_metadata); /* free metadata */
    free(rs_bind);                  /* free output buffers */
  }
  else
  {
    /* no columns = final status packet */
    printf("End of procedure output\n");
  }

  /* more results? -1 = no, >0 = error, 0 = yes (keep looking) */
  status = mysql_stmt_next_result(stmt);
  if (status > 0)
    test_stmt_error(stmt, status);
} while (status == 0);

mysql_stmt_close(stmt);

執行程序應產生下列輸出

Number of columns in result: 3
Data: this result set is produced by the procedure
 val[0] = 10; val[1] = NULL; val[2] = 30;
Number of columns in result: 3
Data: this result set is produced by the procedure
 val[0] = 100; val[1] = 200; val[2] = 300;
Number of columns in result: 2
Data: this result set contains OUT/INOUT parameters
 val[0] = 200; val[1] = 300;
End of procedure output

程式碼使用兩個實用常式 test_error() 和 test_stmt_error() 來檢查錯誤，並且在發生錯誤時列印診斷資訊後終止

static void test_error(MYSQL *mysql, int status)
{
  if (status)
  {
    fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s (errno: %d)\n",
            mysql_error(mysql), mysql_errno(mysql));
    exit(1);
  }
}

static void test_stmt_error(MYSQL_STMT *stmt, int status)
{
  if (status)
  {
    fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s (errno: %d)\n",
            mysql_stmt_error(stmt), mysql_stmt_errno(stmt));
    exit(1);
  }
}